Lake I just want to also for the people
that are online just welcome you for
being part of this and everybody we I
really hope in shallow you have a
wonderful experience your time in Turkey
there they've been incredibly hospitable
it's a beautiful people they're good
people and there are all types of people
there's and the whole spectrum is here
in Turkey but there's still very decent
people whether they're secular is or
committed to Islam I think you'll oh by
and large find they're very very lot of
just human decency that's been my
experience I've been in Turkey now
several times and spent you know periods
close to a month a couple of those times
and that's been my experience with the
people from the top all the way down to
you know the simple people and they and
it's a great tradition they have a great
tradition here and and they're also I
think one of the things that I really
liked about Turkey is they still have an
aesthetic sense that a lot of Muslim
countries of law so they they tend to
really beauty is still very much part of
their culture and they have beautiful
parks they have beautiful a lot of
beautiful architecture still Istanbul is
arguably I think the most beautiful city
aesthetically outside of Medina because
I'm not going to say anything is more
beautiful than Medina I mean now Medina
is the mosque alone and it's a very
beautiful mosque it's the most beautiful
mosque in the world and so but after
Medina I would definitely say I mean I
was in Istanbul and I said to this
Turkish man he told me he'd studied in
San Francisco I said oh that's all
that's re-stamped that's already stem
bull and he was like
I said you know the bay it's got water
and hills and hey just no no yet no and
also make dua for the organizers they've
worked really hard dr. Asha and her team
really sincere group of people worked
very hard to make all this happen so
inshallah may Allah make it a blessed
time for you a kind of learning and
opening and my advice to you is you know
don't turn on the TV try to avoid you
know just unplug for a little while you
know you're all plugged in it's good to
unplug for a while and and just try to
focus on your studies as much as
possible
we didn't plan having a mall next to so
my advice don't go into the mall dr.
yang is coming tonight so we
traditionally we always had exercise
component in the retina and then Joseph
Alea Hama who who used to do the do
member Joseph yeah he in New Mexico and
things used to do the Tai Chi and the
Kung Fu and he died so after that we
just didn't do it but but we'd always
had that component because I you know I
think it's very important for people
Muslims tend to neglect their bodies a
lot and traditional societies there was
a lot of exercise just being in a
traditional society walking and
horseback riding and archery and
wrestling all the prophets like Sam was
a very active all the way through his
whole life he was physically very active
he did had no fat on him so low lightest
and him he he was described as having a
very flat stomach even when he was 63
years of age he was very muscular his
senior and very strong and all might
have been at hot Bob once saw a man who
was overweight in
mekka and he said that would be better
if it was on somebody else right so in
other words your extra caloric intake
you know might be better if you give
that to somebody else now don't judge
anybody because some people have you
never know about people so if you see
people that are overweight you know just
don't be judgmental about them or
arrogant or anything because some people
they really they don't eat a lot and in
fact imam banannie says that some of the
Odia are tried with fat like allah makes
them fat even though they don't eat
anything and and I've seen that with
some people you know that so you know
don't don't make any judgments about
people about that and I don't want
people to feel bad or anything like that
but it's good just to do exercise you
can be women should you know
traditionally they were you know I had
good weight and and so there's no
blemish in a woman who's got weight on
her it's actually healthier for a woman
to have fat you know really so this
these skinny women end up losing their
their periods they can't have children
and you know this happens like they do
too much exercise and they actually end
up losing their femininity and becoming
it different there's a new hybrid
species out there this
androgynous so but it's good insha'Allah
I hope people enjoy it he's a chi gong
master and Qi Gong is not a religious
exercise it there is relation to the
Taoist tradition and to Shaolin temples
and things like that so so there are
there is Association but it's um it's a
it's the exercise that went with martial
arts in China and it's very very
invigorating for people that do it on a
regular basis and practice it but he's
gonna be working with you so you can
pretty much learn how to do it during
the time and it's good to learn it from
somebody there's a lot on line and
things like that
but according to the New York Times the
longest living human being ever was a
chi gong teacher in China they
ascertained he claimed to be 235 years
of age but they did ascertain that he
was at least a hundred and seventy and
and he taught she going to the imperial
troops and the new york times sent a
team over to find out about him in 1932
I think so that was actually a goji
berries and drank green tea and Jen sang
so I mean I don't know if anybody really
wants to stick around here for 175 years
but the time we're here we should try to
be as healthy as possible you know
because it's it'll help you yeah my mom
was at the grocery store and you know
how they have those all those funny
national enquirer and all those and she
was my mom's 94 this year and she was
there was another old lady in the line
and she looked at my mother and then she
looked at the magazine and she said
aren't you glad we're on our way out
sit on my neck
Video 2
smile honey masala - Sarah - even o
Muhammad said him to steal him for a
dinner together enjoy a Libra Karim was
in there Elma hamdulillah D before we
get into the Mobilio Azshara the third
part we read the first two Hawaiian the
third part of Syria Musa rope is lifted
a faux fur happy better Waheeda in
cateura
dela al-abadi Iraqi Joomla Teja some
Hawaiian Roger re Austin why didn't the
man who you met amar Peterffy her
canotary Baro - and who he has to be met
for him I mean who would you murder to
require you appear to a data file city
he wear a tee vertically were hidden
Allah has to be Minardi here Inman or
ammidon or holla of the oken O'Hara
darica what if thirakkatha tasawwuf min
d'eryka cementum a local hospital you
name him Allah who we Avari ble a Yeti
he and Italia t he coul assassin all and
Managua dae-eun a Cebu Haruka Eden Roc
leader in Natasha Wolfe Ikeda
azshara and Amanda who nasi and Amanda
who knows even Minh City Ottawa - healer
who know Siva Mineta solve one Metazoa
Vakula
I hadn't sit puta what yo he he
of him
so he says that a difference of opinion
about one reality when you have
something that has one reality and then
you have all this extra difference about
it when that difference multiplies when
you have a lot of it it indicates the
depth of understanding or comprehending
the totality of that thing in other
words that thing is a deep or profound
thing so it's it's hard to grasp it in
any one articulation and then he says if
you go back to one source that contains
a summation of what's been said about it
then that articulation of that that
thing is based upon what was understood
from the original thing that you're
talking about all right
so he says the summation of all the
words that have been said and all the
details that have been said are based on
those saying it in accorded in
accordance with their knowledge their
action their States their tastes their
experience of it and other
considerations so the difference in
Sufism in Tessa Woolf is from that
perspective and for that reason at how
fallible night he was one of the greats
I mean he was actually considered he has
he's considered Shetty Sonam of his time
he was a half-filled which meant he
memorized over a hundred thousand hadith
and he he died in 430 and he wrote a
famous book called Helia - Dahlia and
what he wanted to prove that all the
early community were Sufis so he wanted
to show that that was really the
foundation of their spiritual tradition
is that they were all people of this
science of tossa Wolfe so he he when he
talks about
each one of them the heylia is their
adornment when he talks about each one
of them he he says that that and it said
that Sufism Orta Soloff is this and then
it's different from what the other said
but his point was all of those
expressions were expressions of that
person's state and so what he wanted to
show in this was that whatever portion
of their sincerity in their inner
directedness towards the divine whatever
that portion was that was their
proportion of hisself that's what they
had of Tessa Wolfe whatever however much
sincerity they had in their inner
directedness towards the divine that was
what they had and that that the tasawwuf
of every individual was his sincere
inner directedness towards the divine
that's that's what it was so that's the
third light now on to the subject the
the text that we're going to be using as
a foundation is called Issa goji and it
was written by a great scholar of what
what are called the automatic Lia and
Athiya Rodina Abadi is is the the one
who wrote the book and he called it Issa
goji which their understanding of it was
that it meant introduction because
there's a famous text that was written
by an earlier pre Islamic scholar that
was a commentary on Aristotle's
categories and he also called that the
Issa goji so that can't became a term in
the Islamic tradition for an
introduction to logic the Issa goji so
it's ISA goji is what they called it and
he wrote this this book as a primer in
logic and this was a book that was
studied after the student had studied
grammar historically you had a hierarchy
of knowledge and knowledge is built on
other knowledge is so you move from
what's known to what's unknown you need
building blocks so you need a ladder to
move up in those degrees and grammar is
basically learning how language
functions at the most basic level so we
learn how to read sentences how to
understand when we communicate we use a
lot of things IV obviously humans speak
naturally and we don't need to be
literate to communicate language many
Aboriginal peoples they speak without
any literacy and they have their
languages we now know their languages
are as sophisticated and and sometimes
more sophisticated
and modern languages so Aboriginal
languages are actually as complex as the
languages that we're speaking and
sometimes they actually have more words
to express things but Aboriginal
languages tend to be even though they
have abstraction x' because the nature
of language is abstraction you can't
have language without abstraction
they're not they tend not to be
philosophical languages they're not
languages that have the type of thinking
that develops in literate civilizations
so as a civilization becomes more
literate it it develops ways of
understanding because what what happens
is introspection and so as a people
develop intellectually they begin to
reflect on things in a way that
primitive people's or Aboriginal peoples
don't which is not to say that they
don't reflect they do they have deep
reflection they have religions they have
ways of looking at the world that are
profound and there's immense wisdom in
Aboriginal traditions and people who
have had the experience of being with
Aboriginal peoples will know that that
they're they're not it's a different way
of being then the way of settled peoples
and and peoples that that live in
complex societies because Aboriginal
peoples live in very simple societies so
logic is one of those sciences that
develops in a complex society grammar is
the analyses of language and then it's
the articulation of what's been analysed
so for instance all human beings speak
with nouns it doesn't matter what you
call a noun you can call it a noun you
can call it a SM like in Arabic you have
ism you have Lamia which is a type of
noun what we call a pronoun in English
all languages have these methods and
this is the analysis
of linguist when they go into to try to
understand language they look and there
there is a theory of Chomsky who's a
great linguist in in the United States
about this underlying grammar that
exists this universal grammar
that's actually a the early Muslim
grammarians were very much aware of that
and and they they discussed these issues
about the nature of language
you'll also find these discussions in
the Scholastic tradition but much of the
scholastic tradition was taken out of
the Muslim tradition because of the
influence of a Farabi of even Sina of
even druid of a Ghazali and others on
their discourse but they looked and they
attempted to understand the the very
nature of language what is the nature of
language and language is a right man and
abundance an right al Rahman a diamond
or an audience an alum oho
the ban that the merciful he he taught
the Quran he created the human being and
then gave the human being ban and ban is
the ability to you may you know my fee
enough see he to articulate what's in
his soul it's the ability to actually
speak what what is in your heart and
what is that does language precede
meaning or does meaning precede language
in other words do we need language to
express meaning or is language the
result of a pre-existent meaning and our
scholars argued on the side of meaning
that meaning precedes language and many
public Mabini
meanings precede the vehicles of meaning
and when you get into our peda there's
huge discussions about what is the
nature of Kalama law is it
meanings or is it the uncreated meanings
or is it the actual vehicle for those
meanings or is it both but from
different perspectives these these are
long debates in that tradition so the
the analysis of language is an analysis
that can can be done to any language in
the world
every language has grammar darisha has
grammar if you if you look at daddy
shell or Ebonics in the United States we
have a type of of a common language
amongst a minority community in the
United States that they speak and they
understand and it's it it moves it
evolves it changes but it has a grammar
and it can be analyzed Creole has a
grammar of pidgin languages have
grammars every language has a grammar
there are certain languages that are
profound civilizational languages and
and these languages because of the
nature of their traditions a certain
continuity takes place so Sanskrit is
one of those languages Chinese is one of
those languages the the the the Hebrew
language the Arabic language these are
ancient languages and in those languages
are embedded profound worldviews if you
if you study the Chinese language in the
ideograms there are literally
cosmologies that are articulated in
their ideograms so you can analyze them
if you look at Hebrew the same is true
there are there are cosmologies embedded
I'll give you one example if you look at
the word for human being in in Arabic
the the word that means human that
shared by male and females called in San
and many of the philologists argued that
there's not a plural some of them say
that
is a I mean a feminine form but most say
in San is like Minch it includes the
male and the female in San the the the
meaning of in san comes from Ernst which
is intimacy that the human is an
intimate creature it needs to have
intimacy to survive if it doesn't have
intimacy it dries up and dies as a
creature it needs to have Ernst and then
it's also the same word in San is the
word for pupil of the eye so the in san
the boo-boo the in san is the pupil of
the eye and one of the things that we
know that when people are experiencing
intimacy the pupil dilates it opens up
so there's an opening of the in sun that
humans when they're in experience
intimacy they open up they they they get
in Shara they expand and the highest
intimacy is intimacy with the divine
that the intimacy of at unspell a to
have intimacy with the divine and this
is the greatest expansion in sha that
occurs so another just to show you the
cosmology embedded in arabic another
word for i is i mean now i mean means
essence it means the source it's also
used for a spring anion is the
life-giving for the arabs the the the
ein of water is the life-giving source
and so there there's something embedded
in that that understanding that
indicates that the I the secret of the I
of seeing that it's related to the
essence of man that we were actually
created for masha hada were created for
witnessing like our existence is there
to witness the divine and that's why
that the essence of the human being is
Shahada
which means witnessing Shahada is
witnessing so i know in san the eye of
the human being and the essence of the
human being is for Shahada it's to
witness so this is the nature of that
you can get into that now when you study
grammar you find that there's basically
two concepts in grammar there's the
concept of substance and there's the
concept of time substance is articulated
through through quality and quantity
through adjectives through nouns adverbs
these all tell us the quality of
something
he ran swiftly so swiftly is telling us
something about the nature of the
running but running is time you are in
time so you have time and you have place
these and this is the human being has
two orientations or orientation to time
and place so when a physician wants to
to look at a student they ask them I
mean a patient they want to orient them
to time and place so they'll say who's
the president and then they'll say where
are you and then they know that they're
in their right mind because they have
that orientation that's language time
and place that's language and that's
what makes us human
now the other thing about language is
language is rational that when we speak
we have to follow an order table sky
reason may
blue elevate wonderful know when see if
I start talking like that those are all
words but there's no order to them they
were just coming off the top of my head
and you aren't understanding you each
one of those words can convey a
comprehension I know what sky is he said
sky I know what that is
but you don't know what I'm saying or
what I mean because there was no order
so there is a logic to language and that
logic is expressed through syntax I have
to have an order to my language and in
in our language for instance in English
there is a certain type of order we have
subject we have verb right we have
object right John
hit I'm gonna use the Arab because and
when we were kids we learned you know
Dixie's Jane like when I was a kid they
probably don't even do that nobody teach
grammar anymore but in the Arab world I
I told them that you're not gonna get
rid of violence in the Arab world until
you change the way you teach grammar
because they always teach thought of as
a Dona Mirana
they all that's how their every sentence
that the first sentence you learn in
Arabic grammar is Zaid hit ammo and
you're just one like what's up with that
you know like why is aid hitting him why
couldn't he do something else to him
like you know
Zaid you know you know he saw I mean but
they have the bottom they have to have
the bottom right so so that is language
has it follows a pattern and when you
learn a language one of the hard things
about learning a foreign language
is that it doesn't often have the same
patterns that you have and you can it
can be confusing so in Arabic if I said
Alcala Kusa Musa right did I mean the
the the courgette ate Moses or did I
mean Moses ate the
courgette i can't tell because it's it's
they're both max or right there they're
there they have the Edit max aura so i
don't know but if i know if and that's
why you should do that because it's
muhammad's and ambiguous you should
that's a time where you should put the
fire first right and then if it would be
he after in grammar so you should really
say I could have Musa Kusa but if if you
no reason it's not reasonable that the
courgette 8 Musa or but there's somebody
can be called there was a minister I
think from Lebanon is she acted your
mouth here didn't they have Minister
Musa Kusa he was in Libya Musa Kusa yeah
I mean that's a father with a sense of
humor so so anyway so language now the
nature of language is it's ambiguous
language is ambiguous because you you
can say things and they can be taken in
different ways right that we have what
are in English we call double entendres
right you can say something and you can
mean different things with it and even
our tone like there's certain languages
that tone is very important like Chinese
you have different tones in in English
we use tone to accent things yeah he's
smart isn't he you know that's very
different saying wow he's smart isn't he
a completely different statement even
though it's the same words but the tone
conveys something so the these are these
this is the nature of language but
language is also clear and the clearer
language is the better we understand it
so people can eat the people say that
he's very unclear and his thinking he's
muddled in his thinking I can't
understand him what's he talking about
and teachers will tell you that you need
more clarity in your writing things like
this so this is part of it now what what
logic does is it it helps you to
understand better what you
naturally do everybody is using logic
and that was the meaning of that story
when the student comes back after the
third time from the marketplace oh my
god was dad
it's unbelievable everybody's using
logic he finally got it and that's what
you see in the world and doesn't matter
where you go logic is not a Western
concept what Aristotle did and it's it's
interesting that we're in Turkey and
we're studying this because Aristotle
was from Turkey I mean it was part of
the you know Asia Minor and it was part
of the Greek but he was he lived on the
Asian side so he was he was actually you
know from and he died here but he what
he did I mean there's a different
there's a debate about what he did and I
will get to that when I do that my body
so my point is is that when you study
logic what you're studying is really
what you're what you do naturally in the
same way that when you use when you
study grammar you're studying what you
do naturally which is you speak
grammatically you might make grammatical
mistakes in your language I ain't gonna
go there or you know I have a friend
he's very educated but he uses double
negatives all the time right and he's
got a you know he's a PhD candidate and
I like I correct him because they just
want to hear a double negative it's it's
like ouch but you know yeah
people people a double negative is a
positive right so you're actually saying
the opposite of what you think you're
saying so ain't gonna not go there
so people use language and they can
misuse language and the same is true in
reasoning and that's why you learn
grammar to protect your tongue from
making mistakes you learn logic to guard
your reasoning so that your reasoning
skills are better but also so that you
can see the arguments of others and be
able to criticize them does that make
sense now one of the things about our
traditions it's very important because
we have morality better known we believe
in the degrees of knowledge in the same
way that you have in the same way that
you have Newtonian physics and quantum
physics they're very different right
Newtonian physics and quantum physics
are two completely different physics
quantum physics all of the Newtonian
laws break down in quantum mechanics but
quantum physics has been observed so
they know that underlying this Newtonian
world that we live in there's another
reality which is quantum and they don't
fully understand it and they're trying
to work out really what's going on but
the quantum world is very weird for
instance in the quantum world you can be
in two places at one time in in the
Newtonian world you can you can only be
in one place at one time
and in a quantum world you could really
you could walk through a wall in a
Newtonian world you can't so for those
of you who had the unfortunate
experience of seeing the matrix the
matrix was somebody who was learning to
work in a quantum world right I mean
that's really what was happening to him
was that he was learning to work in the
quantum world where the laws of physics
that are Newtonian don't apply so
bullets won't kill you in that world but
in a Newtonian world they will and so
one of the things that's important for
to understand is that this logic works
on one level of existence but there are
other levels of existence where this
logic completely breaks down and one of
the interesting things about the Western
tradition is that they've never been
able to really deal with these degrees
of knowledge and so they end up denying
certain types of realities because they
don't fit in to other types of realities
and they have a lot of problems in their
philosophy because of this whereas the
Muslims have always understood they
Shetty and how people are two very
important concepts in our tradition you
have a Sharia and you have a happy cow
if you look in the Mata beam Ematic
there's a hadith where Moses and Adam
have a debate and when Moses meets Adam
Musa and he said it meets on him he says
you're the one waitin s you you led us
astray right in other words it's your
fault that this whole mess has happened
and so he's talking that's that's the
the logic of Aristotle that's that's
where Moosa A&M; was working at that
level when he when he made that
statement it's like a judge in a court
case you broke the law and then there
were these repercussions right
Adam Adam his response was you know to
go from the Newtonian world into the
quantum world and he said your Moses
your Moussa you're the one that God
bestowed all this knowledge on and gave
you all this wisdom are you going to
blame me for something called arolea
cabinet and o'clock at ceremony you know
are you gonna blame me for something
that was decreed for me before I came
into existence and in another rewire
that's not an immortal the Prophet said
Adam defeated Moses
in the in the argument because he was
using another logic he wasn't using the
logic of the courtroom of the Sharia he
was using another logic and so that's
important for us when we go into this to
understand that this is the logic of the
Newtonian world it's not the logic of
the quantum world it's the logic of the
Newtonian world but it is the logic that
our Sharia is based on that every
rational system of law in the world is
based on when you go into a court of law
you are going into a court that relies
entirely on logical arguments and what
lawyers do is they argue now if the
judge or the jury is not trained in
logic then they're susceptible to
logical fallacies appeal to pity is a
type of soft supple appeal to pity so
they'll give a sob story that'll make
these people feel all this compassion
that's actually a logical fallacy to do
that now sometimes it's important but
that's not an argument to do that that's
not an argument that holds up against
these rigorous standards of
argumentation or they'll use other types
of fallacies poisoning the well is a
logical fallacy and if people aren't
trained to identify these arguments or
they'll say you know a therefore B but
it's a non sequitur it doesn't follow
but if somebody's not trained to see
that one of the great Crispus who was a
great early logician he said he noted
that even animals use logic because he
was walking once and he saw a rabbit
turn a corner and there was a three
roads and it went down a road and then a
hound was chasing it and it came around
and it couldn't see the rabbit any more
so it it sniffed the first road and then
went to the second sniffed a second and
without sniffing the third it just went
down the third so crucifix
derived from that that the dog was using
logic because it was either a B or C if
not a or B then C but it did it
intuitively and so this is the you know
this this is the study of logic it's why
it's important you cannot one of the the
the most important aspects of democracy
is that democracy is a type of
government that is saying that instead
of using might to impose our will we're
gonna use argument that we make cases so
you will have somebody will try to
legislate a law and he'll give arguments
and then those people listening to it
will either be convinced or not
convinced for instance if if they're
gonna go to war people will give
arguments if you remember in the United
States before the Iraqi war what did
they do they made all these arguments
for why they were gonna go to war why
because they're saying we have to use
reason but if people aren't trained in
analyzing arguments they can be
manipulated and fooled and tricked into
doing things that are dangerous and
harmful and destructive so that's why
it's very important to to know this so
that you can defend yourself against
those types of logical fallacies so now
we're going to go into the the ten
foundations in in our tradition and my
body and Ashura
are a member buddha in arabic is ism
makan it's it's a place where something
happens that muffin like muffin is
another form of it so you have like
masjid is a place of sujood Mata is a
place of Taba
it's the place
where you cook bah bahah means to cook
so whenever you see that pattern the
muffled pattern it's a place of
something it can also be time as well so
like most simmer mo lid the play mode it
could be the place or the time you were
born
so the molded in Mecca is where the
Prophet was born but the molded is also
the 12th of Rabi no.1 according to most
of the scholars so meba is the place
where you begin something the meb de but
that too I began Abdel Khun lo Imran
Reba
Lemieux Bobby B Smith laughs who were up
top every affair that is momentous or
weighty that does not begin with
bismillah is cut off of barakah so so we
begin things but that to the mugdha is a
starting place it also means the
principle now if you look at principle
it comes from a Latin word Principia
which means first right so it's also the
same idea the principles are those first
things the axioms the things that are
things are based upon predicated upon so
Sciences have our scholars identified 10
my body that students should always
begin their coursework and that for
those of you who have studied with me
over the years I've always tried to
begin my classes with my body and Ashura
and so this is a Mohammed Bernardo Seban
was great grammarian he's famous for a
commoner and the envy of even Malik he
versified there other ones Imam and
mockery also versified the tenma body
there are different versions of this but
this is a way of remembering them so in
them of adequately offend and Ashura the
Fen is an art it's what we call art the
art of logic pendulum on top innama body
could defend an Azshara I'll head to one
more guru from a samara so he's saying
that well I translate it down so I'll
just go through well father who when a
spittoon were well there
what is more esteemed a do
sharukh Massa Aaron well bar Doble
bardic tefa women Darryl jamia has a
shot of a-- so i versified this into
english each science contains these ten
elements the essence or definition
because definition is getting to the
essence of something the essence its
subject and benefits its virtue
relations and source its name once it
draws legal force add topics and all is
contained with mastery much honor is
gained
so that's stuff a doing most of so the
first is the definition a definition
comes in in in logic it comes from a
Tesla water you have to conceptualize
something in order to define it at AA so
water is to understand its form and when
we get into the formal call the causes
therefore causes so you have material
efficient formal and final these are the
four causes we'll get into this in
material logic the formal cause is the
surah in arabic it's called surah and 2
so water is to to get a the image of the
thing and in fact Aristotle called it
the phantasm the imago it's - it's to
get the image of a thing in your mind
and this is this is grasping you know
what we talked about
I haven't grasped it right grasp right
that the mind grasps things and and so
it's through the senses that we come to
know the world if anybody knows the
story of Helen Keller when when she was
a little girl she she became ill and she
was blind blinded she lost her sight she
lost her ability to hear and she lost
her ability to speak I completely cut
off from the world she became like a
animal in her
description by the time she was about
seven years old her father brought a
woman who was also blind brought her to
teacher Annie Sullivan and she couldn't
break through she couldn't get through
to her like - because she needed she
wanted to teach her language but she
needed to teach her symbols and the way
that she was doing it was with her hand
she would write things and then she
would take a thing and she would have
her feel it to grasp it cuz I mean
imagine you can't see you can't hear you
can't speak but she can feel she can
smell and she can taste so she doesn't
have all of her five senses two very
important ones which are the inroads of
knowledge in the summer what a boss
oughta work for ADA it's the ears and
the sight that allow users these are the
inroads of knowledge is how you come to
know things is through the eyes and the
ears she couldn't understand and she did
all these things to try to get her but
the breakthrough can't came with water
she was symbolizing in her hand a symbol
for water and she was pouring from the
pump she was pouring water in her hand
and if you read the description it's a
very powerful description of what
happens to her because she wrote her
autobiography and it's worth reading but
she's she's feeling the water and her
teacher is symbolizing in the hand and
then suddenly that the light went on she
understood that the symbol over here
that the what's called an artificial
sign in logic the the water right it's a
positive sign the this Delana Whataya
was the same as the the experience of
that cool liquid flowing on her hand she
got it and she understood that what's
interesting is she said suddenly her
entire interior changed she said a light
went off in her consciousness
what's interesting is that that night in
ends and Sullivan's Diaries she wrote I
saw a light coming to the face of Helen
today that's the light of consciousness
meaning penetrated her her intellect for
the first time she understood
abstraction she and that is what we do
we abstract this is this is the
incredible gift that God has given human
beings is the ability to symbolize too
abstract to understand abstraction signs
we are we are by our nature sign makers
and sign readers and this is why the
Quran calls it signs ayats in a fanatic
Allah ayats The Omen yet of a Quran
right this is this is what it's it's for
people that reflect on what things mean
what is the meaning of the sign and so
the HUD once you have a once you
comprehend something you have that
grasping you can then symbolize so she
had the water she grasped it okay I'm
getting that now she's got the symbol
for it right so that's the so she can
define now water water is that cool
liquid that is tasteless without smell
taste right doesn't have any or color so
we all know what water is we have a
simple apprehension of water how we
define it it's the basis of biological
life that's one definition
it's made of a hydrogen two hydrogen
atoms and one oxygen atom that's another
definition and that's coming from the
high love the definer because a chemist
will define it one way a biologist will
define it another way but they're
talking about the same thing based on
the perspective that they're looking
from so logic may be defined as quote
the art which directs the very act of
reason that which enables us to advance
with order ease and correctness in the
act of reason itself and that's from a
great Catholic logician Jacques Maritain
brilliant philosopher who died in 1973 a
little biographical note about him
that's kind of interesting when he was a
very young man he studied with Burks and
Bergson was a brilliant early twentieth
century philosopher but of that new
school of philosophy that was very
radical and abandoning traditional
philosophy and he was one of his
brilliant students and he he met a
Russian Jewish Russian lady Raisa they
were at the Sorbonne together and they
made it they fell in love and anyway
they made a pact that if they didn't
find the truth within a year that they'd
just commit suicide together a very
French thing to do but they discovered
st. Thomas Aquinas that year so he ended
up spending the rest of his life writing
commentaries on st. Thomas anyway
that's his definition of logic which is
not his but there are many but that's
his articulation of that and then as a
science this is from a Muslim text book
written in probably the 1840s 1850s by a
great scholar from fast as a science it
regulates the investigation of concepts
and proposition in ways that enable one
to arrive at a previously unknown
proposition another definition is the
science that enables us to conclude from
something that is known something that
was previously unknown so it's going
from what is known these are the first
two premises of the syllogism to the
conclusion which is what was unknown so
that's about it even at hazard feci and
then logic may be may be defined as the
science that directs our mental
operations and our mental operations are
three understanding judging and
reasoning these are the three acts of
the the mind when it's in a rational
state I mean there's obviously other
it's
but when we're communicating this is
this is what what we're doing so that
they proceed with order facility and
consistency toward the attainment of
truth the mental operations referred to
in this definition are the three basic
acts of the intellect namely conception
or simple apprehension judgment and
reasoning so that's from crach who's
another traditional logician the name is
the ISM so you give like you give
Sciences names and most schools today
what was formerly known as logic is now
called critical thinking critical
thinking is one branch of material logic
it's it's part of material logic but you
have formal logic and material logic
what they call the lesser or greater
logic the greater logic is material
logic lesser logic is formal logic
formal logic studies the formal rules of
reasoning and material logic looks at
the actual content of of what you're
reasoning about so critical thinking is
what logic has been reduced to in the
West in Arabic logic is known as montec
because it contains three meanings the
ability to speak the ability to
comprehend universals and we'll get into
that and the power of comprehension
itself Arabs chose this word month up
because logic strengthens the first the
ability to speak it makes your speaking
more orderly more clear more persuasive
enables the second in other words the
ability to comprehend universals because
you have to understand what a universal
is and we'll get into that and then to
the second to be more accurate and endow
spur fection on the third right so the
power of understanding imam al-ghazali
called it the touchstone of knowledge he
wrote five books on logic imam
al-ghazali he was a great logician he
said that he learned logic from from the
prophets because he studied the quranic
arguments and we'll get into that their
arguments but even tenia
wrote a book refuting the logicians or a
10-month Ophion and he said it down
Muhammad I know their anthem and Montauk
and yeah like in a note and I Muhammad
had been in Cena he said you know even
Tamia claimed he learned logic from the
prophets but the reality is he learned
it from even Xena
he called it neha kanava which means the
touchstone of knowledge and also the
criterion of knowledge she called it
Mary are a little more merrily in the
standard of knowledge it is also called
the key to knowledge mystical heirloom
it's also called the balance and muezzin
because the soundness of speech is
measured by it another name given to it
is the upright scale based on the
quranic verse imam al-ghazali actually
thought that this verse was revealed was
referring to using logic was Zeno Biswas
and Muslim so he called it a kiss toss
and Muslim it's the standard the upright
scales of knowledge aristotle refer to
it as analytics prior and posterior it's
also divided into major material logic
and minor formal logic depending upon
the subject matter formal logic covers
the validity or invalidity of the
syllogism forms syllogisms form and
structure while material logic covers
the actual content of the syllogism the
late 19th century witnessed the
emergence of symbolic or mathematical
logic for centuries until the 16th
century Francis Bacon introduced the the
new organ on which the organ on is the
six books of Aristotle that he wrote on
logic in our tradition even Sina wrote a
Shifa which basically was an Arab
ization
of the Hellenistic tradition because he
wanted to free Muslims from any
dependency on a foreign source so he
wrote the Shifa and and it's it's he
definitely added some things to
Aristotle's logic and he has his own
views about certain things but it's
essentially Aristotelian law
and then from that the metaphysical
components were removed largely by the
Sunni scholars and Imam al-ghazali
introduces it in the mostess part which
is his most important work on a solid
fill in the Mustafa he has a 40 page
introduction to the mostess foot which
is all logic so it's basically a primer
and he felt that the sudhi scholar a
jurist would have to have have some
knowledge of logic even tamiya argued
that the only form of logic that was
useful was analogical reasoning and he
did not he actually refutes deductive
reasoning in his book and argues that
inductive reasoning is really the only
type of logic that has any validity and
this is pretty much the argument of
Francis Bacon Aristotle does not deal a
lot with inductive reasoning he did not
consider it as important as deductive
reasoning and for a very simplistic
understanding of the two deductive
reasoning argues from universals to
particular Zand inductive goes from
particulars to universals so in in
inductive reasoning is scientific
reasoning it's looking at things out
there and then deriving conclusions from
looking at particulars deriving
Universal conclusions deductive
reasoning would be based on a type of
epistemology that is no longer deemed
important in the West but is the
foundation of Muslim Jewish and
Christian epistemology which is what
they call epistemological realism and
this is we believe in what's called
Motaba the correspondence theory of
truth that truth is what corresponds
with reality reality is something that's
intelligible which is metaphysical
realism
and you know just I'll say about this
Muslims today many Muslims around the
world are taught that philosophy is evil
and Muslims should never study
philosophy the reality of it is is that
we are all heavily influenced by
philosophy most of you who have gone to
Western schools have imbibed
a great deal of philosophy without
really understanding it or knowing how
it happened or why it happened and you'd
have to study the history of philosophy
to really understand how these these
ideas emerged as the dominant ideas but
if you do not philosophize somebody else
philosophizes for you it's as simple as
that and we are we are affected deeply
by philosophical constructs constantly
liberal capitalism free-market these are
all philosophical ideas there there are
economics has philosophy right
utilitarianism most of the ethics that
exist today in the West is and
increasingly in the Muslim world is
utilitarian ethics which is a
consequential it looks at the ends of
things Muslims never considered that a
basis for an ethical philosophy Muslims
always had virtue ethics at the heart of
their tradition virtue ethics looks at
the virtue of a thing and this is why
for instance abortion is a philosophical
problem and the if you read arguments
for or against abortion their
philosophical arguments if you read
arguments for or against same-sex
marriage their philosophical arguments
because law has philosophy the legal
philosophy of the Muslims is called a
solid fit it's legal philosophy it is
philosophy it's trying it's it's using
the intellect to think through problems
that's essentially what philosophy
is and so you're going to get it whether
you like it or not whatever you call it
it doesn't really matter it's it's it's
basically thinking and learning how to
think and that's why that this science
was the foundation of it and this idea
that Imam al-ghazali somehow killed this
from the Muslim tradition is a great
slander on him because he was a great
philosophical thinker even Tamiya was a
philosopher and if you read his his
books you'll see he's making
philosophical arguments so it's
important for educated Muslims to
understand that not everybody has to
study this and not everybody should
study it but it's important that people
in your society study it and in an
educated society it's important that
everybody has some degree of working
knowledge with this this should be
primary education traditionally in
Muslim societies this was taught at the
high school level it's not advanced it
wasn't considered Advanced Studies at
all if you read it in a show if a Nasser
uses logic based on ohm at Abilene which
was a text taught to 12 year olds 13
year olds and he's using syllogisms and
logic should not be introduced in the
pre logical period so a child really
should not be introduced to logic until
they reach about 12 or 13 that's
important so anyway that those are the
names mathematical or symbolic logic
emerges in 1913 a very important work
principia mathematica was published by
Lord Whitehead Alfred North Whitehead
and Bertrand Russell Bertrand Russell
was brilliant mathematician but
basically really gave a devastating blow
to traditional logic before that for the
last two thousand three hundred and
fifty
years traditional logic what was taught
there were certain additions added with
bacon because of inductive reasoning
that was developed and then John Stuart
Mill also developed inductive reasoning
and then you have boolean algebra which
is George Boole self-taught
mathematician from Ireland who
introduces another type of logic and
then you had Charles Pierce in America
brilliant
pragmatist philosopher who was also a
brilliant logician but before Russell
this is what was taught to people it was
taught in the United States my
grandmother I have her textbook from
high school public high school and in
Wisconsin and she studied logic and
rhetoric that was just part of
curriculum in and people could think a
lot better I think because of it so they
were better off for it so I think we'll
we'll stop there and any questions
logic even to me
he was uh he was a brilliant scholar in
his own right and he he was in his mind
he was really trying to defend what what
he perceived to be this pure teaching
that came to the Prophet SAW lies to him
and wanted to make sure that revelation
that what he was always central I mean
his impulses I think were very honorable
impulses and and he truly believed that
that the metaphysics was very dangerous
to the Islamic ethos and he was
particularly deeply troubled by two
metaphysical thinkers
they've been out of me that had to me
who was very influential even out of me
was taught in the Ottoman period
extensively he was called Chi Akbar I
mean now he's anathematized by most
Muslims but since the 13th century he
was pretty much the end all in in
philosophical Sufism so he was very
troubled by him he actually mentions in
his fatale and I've read this I haven't
read this in a book I read it from him
he mentioned that he benefited greatly
from even Auto be even Tamiya until he
read the full source he said when he
read the full soul so to him he realized
too how dangerous the man's ideas were
and so he you know he spent a lot of his
life writing polemical arguments against
metaphysics and and what he felt was
that he said originally he thought logic
was fine but then he realized that logic
is predicated on a metaphysical premise
that he felt was very dangerous
and we're going to get into that when we
deal with the universals in some ways
even tenía really is the first
nominalist I mean the nominalism is
attributed to William of Ockham but I
think it's arguable and somebody would
this would be a good PhD dissertation
for somebody you'd have to do a lot of
work to do it but I think would be a
very interesting PhD to look at the
nominal istic tendencies of Eamon Tamiya
anyway any other questions
Dominic it's very interesting that the
lot logic wasn't talked additionally to
youngsters only art once they begin to a
reason right I tell the difference
between things is there connection
between that not so no physical
connection between that and the
categorization of knowledge as in that
hierarchical way that the Muslims used
to do
could it be relative to different age
groups the Muslim tradition and it's not
dissimilar to the Western tradition
before the you know the end of the 19th
century the Muslims believed that the
great gift that young children had was
memorization that the mind is very agile
and the ability to absorb a lot of
information is readily available to a
child of about seven and so they would
focus on memorizing rote memorization
without understanding at about 12 the
intellect really starts kicking in this
is what they call sinew Tamizh is 7
where they're moving out of the magical
realm because children before seven are
in there in a magical world which is why
the prophets Elias and prohibited you
know you cannot strike a child before
seven years of age and
and you shouldn't because they're not
there's no tech leaf at all at about
7:00
- cliff starts kicking in it's not there
but now they can really understand
people say no no they know before 7:00
my 5 year olds no they don't they're not
capable of lying a 5 year old people say
no he's lying I know he is they're not
in their world there are different
possibilities you know really I mean
quite literally there are different
possibilities so if they break something
at 5 or 4 and you say who broke that I
don't know you know that is a totally
viable answer for a four-year-old and
it's not a lie they're not they're not
making it up
it's just in their world it's perfectly
acceptable for them not to know who
broke it even though they know they
broke it but at 7 it's different now
they know they broke it and they know
that's the only real possible answer so
that is the beginning of Tamizh and then
by twelve thirteen as puberty begins to
settle in the logic kicks in now what's
interesting is in all pre-modern
societies mathematics was not taught to
children other than basic rote
memorization only they they did not
teach any mathematics to children before
12 or 13 and it is well-documented that
a child can learn all of the mathematics
that we teach between 6 and 12 they can
learn between 12 and 13 all of it and
they actually learn it better and they
understand it and they don't get the
math phobias that a lot of a lot of
people are traumatized from from
mathematics because they were taught to
early and so it's too abstract
mathematics is very abstract it's a
completely abstract subject and there's
the child's not in the abstract world
yet they're still in the world of just
sensory experience they haven't entered
into abstraction so that that's really
why that was the understanding that
you didn't want to traumatize in fact
Steiner I mean I'm not a big fan of
Steiner so I'm not promoting him or
anything but Steiner argued that if you
introduce mathematics or logic to
prepubescent children you'll actually
disrupt the process of their like the
menage the the onset of puberty will
change you'll affect these things so
you'll get earlier onset puberty because
you're disrupting a natural evolution
and these this wisdom of ancient peoples
so any other question everybody's it's
all clear
would you say that in general the
private school is consistent with the
Muslim world view and not at all I don't
think so
I mean with that that's another that
would be a whole long discussion about
pragmatism and what pragmatism is I mean
Muslims there we're all pragmatist to
some degree but a lot of the Islamic law
is not based on pragmatic things there
are other considerations than the
pragmatic one is not the only
consideration that Muslims would would
use huh yeah
surely this will be our last question
sonica me if animals have logic as you
described and we know that they have
communication from the stories of the
quran particularly with Nabi Solomon and
the hood hood bird who had very advanced
concepts of God and worship and things
like that is the philosophical reasoning
power that the basis of human search for
God and could that be the difference
between animals and humans is our
ability to reason is that what is the
foundation of our search and the
capacity that because we seem to have
animals seem to have most of the skills
and the capacity that we have in terms
of communication logic and things like
that no I think more than reasoning when
we get in because the first section of
this which I'm gonna focus on more than
any of the other sections because what
I'm hoping that you get out of this is a
desire to pursue this study this is not
something that we can really do in three
weeks and I'm gonna cover the text
though insha'Allah but I but the when
you get in from the the most important
thing that I want you to get is the the
the first section on understanding and
the second section on propositions on
the the reasoning the syllogisms I'm
going to focus more on material
fallacies than on the other because the
syllogism takes a lot of time and
practice you have to do exercises learn
how to reduce those syllogisms learn you
know there's there's four types
of what they call the moods and the
figures when you get into that there's
four types and they extend to 19 and I
mean there's 64 possibilities and only
16 of them really have validity so it's
learning how to work with syllogisms
because every argument can be reduced to
a syllogism every argument there's no
argument they can I mean you have long
arguments that sometimes take sole
rights you have to use several steps to
get to it and that's why symbolic logic
became a very useful tool for people
that this is all they do is logic
because it enables you to get large
abstract arguments condense down for me
and I'm gonna when I get into the first
section I'm going to talk about the
anima atom that's my what that means
according to our tradition well father
did you know Rossi said about it the the
single most important thing that we have
and the gift that we've been given is
not so much reasoning but it is simple
apprehension it's comprehension it's
understanding and that comes from our
ability to abstract an abstraction is a
uniquely human thing animals as far as
we know do not abstract angels do not
abstract either because they have
immediate intuitive knowledge so they're
they don't go through an abstraction
process and this is why when the angels
were told by Allah to tell them the name
they couldn't do it because they they
can't go through the process of
abstraction they don't abstract in the
way that we do they have immediate
intuitive knowledge of things whereas
the humans have the ability to abstract
and that ability is what enables you to
abstract the divine from the material
world and that's why the material world
is the great a sign of God people that
are looking for proofs for the divine
the proof
is is all around them it's right in
front of them and that's why that people
that deny God are called blind in the
Quran it's a profound spiritual
blindness to deny that there is a
reality behind this that is infinite
that is conscious that it has knowledge
it has will and it has being whether
it's a personal God that we find in the
Abrahamic phase or whether it's an
impersonal God that is more in the
Eastern traditions because you know
Buddhists pray Hindus pray they have a
different concept it's a different
concept of reality of the divine but
they still have an understanding that
there is transcendent being that there
is reality beyond this and and that is
the fifth or nature of humans the
Abrahamic expression of that is through
the personal God and it's our belief
that that is a real expression of God
and that's why we attempt to share it
with others but that that is absolutely
coming out of this ability and and one
aspect of this is really about that and
that's why traditionally theology and
logic were sister Sciences I mean our
our theological tradition used logic it
was part of it and was never divorced
from it after the 4th century 5th
century so subhanak alone time together
one day you know he lanta stopped for
the water lake
Video 3:
Donovan r-rahim
so that was Sarah - in the Muhammad an
evil scientist even Catalina together a
very very Crone
I love my enemy Matt I limped and I was
in their enemies in the end ma well
studied under seen Muhammad when he was
like he was sent him to semen kit here
just before we start I think it's likely
inshallah that the the Foreign Minister
dr. Hamid is gonna come and address the
group and so it's just everybody could
just have real no quick movements
because the people with him get very
nervous last year we had dinner with him
during Ramadan and he's from cunha so he
invited us he wanted the retina to come
here this year so his team based on his
request really helped us a lot
facilitated the the program so we have a
debt of gratitude to Turkey first and
foremost and then to those people that
were instrumental in helping us make
this a reality so he just for those of
you who don't know who he is he was a
very well-established intellectual and a
professor at the University before he
entered into politics he has a PhD in
political science he's written several
books and they've been translated into
English he's considered a serious
intellectual in Western academia in the
area of political science so he's he's a
heavyweight and it's very generous of
him especially during this time because
as you know there's a lot of things
going on and foreign ministers are for
the Americans it's basically the
Secretary of State same same role like
John Kerry's playing that role right now
so they're very busy they do a lot of
traveling they travel all over it's
international relations so whenever
there's these crises they're the ones
that have to interface with everybody
else so it's but with having said that I
said probably because the nature of
people that have very heavy
responsibilities is they're not always
available
and they get called so chawla he'll be
here though anyway let me continue on
with the next Veda and then we're going
to finish the movie
alright the number four and Qaeda means
a base it's a foundation it's
unfortunately been you know if you study
touch weed you study what's called
al-qaeda so they were going back to the
United States ask you what you were
studying don't say al Qaeda and if you
have a little book in your you know the
comic I didn't know Ronnie or al-qaeda
about that dia or something so but Qaeda
is a principle or a foundation so how
are it are similar to elude their
foundational principles and in that way
they're related to logic because logic
is based on certain postulates or axioms
so he says in the fourth car sit sit
told you he miss rotten
Akane him in Haiti or Tahoe al hakuta a
Nevada my Abajo where is a ho mess
rotten Bodoni shorty he really P Burdell
Cora fellas immature people Eamonn when
integer or da da Cunha Alice in
memorable Islam the lattice alpha Allah
be alert or for a camel larvae
here to eat lamb in ho war Ithaca in
libertà so often is Allah Allah Allah be
citizen what about you and voila whom
are in Lobby Immonen is Leia who are
hidden men who Madonna Cozumel Jamie
audit razumihin little Azumi ha
Sal Hockney Catalano mal original ad
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camera higher aha
with him women who about American
rahimova lo Dada mental Wafaa what a
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what a mere tasawwuf papa deficit woman
yeah man I've been a whore Martha at the
hakka food - tez end of an overall en
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Hekmati well I can what a fuss attorney
Lee hallelujah Amory he Manitowoc Hill
had women who MA and Marcy Attila woman
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what the haka 1/3 Attila p.m. he but
happy a TV I know Tomas who keep it
happy far out of that Iike so this is a
long longer than the others but he says
that sitteth away Joe which is what how
he defined Tessa wolf this idea of a
sincere inner directedness towards the
divine is conditioned upon it being in
accordance with what is pleasing to the
truth and by means that pleased that the
the truth they'll help and you cannot
have something that's conditioned upon
something without the condition the
Quran says he is not content or pleased
with his servants to be in a state of
denial or ingratitude alcoa so when I
our Valley rebellion Cobra and in our
pita I think he'll discuss that the
difference between because you have
rebar that a las peñitas not content
with but allows and then you have the
riba that you have things that he's not
content with but he allows and then you
have things that he's content with and
allows so then he says and it's
necessary it follows that the
realization of a man if you are grateful
your Lord will be pleased with you and
so this necessitates an acting according
to submission to the
state of submission to the truth at
least I am and then he says so there's
no tasawwuf without Fick because the
sitka told you is what the tasawwuf is
but it has to be in accord with what's
pleasing and then he says because you
can only know the decrees or the rulings
of God the exoteric ones the external
ones only by that by fit
it's v that teaches you how to bathe how
to pray the ritual formal components
because tough so wolf is dealing with
the interstate
during those rituals but but you have to
do it through the form of the ritual
that if you don't have the form then the
interstate is not going to be able to
function as it should and so he says
what I've ended up at the Sullivan you
can't have fit the formal without the
internal so you can't have the internal
without the external you can't have the
East of Turk without the exoteric you
can't you can't have the fruit without
the the the the whole or the exterior
that protects the fruit right you can't
you can't benefit from a fruit of it if
it has no exterior protection so and
then he says and and whatever mighty
love the Iman you can't have either of
them without Eman so one of them without
the other two it's just it's not lay
aside why are you doing minima one
without the other is impossible you
can't have it so desi manage Amina
related Azumi huh me so you have to
have both because of the inter
dependency of one upon the other in in
the hokum in in this the outward and the
inward like the interdependence of
spirits with bodies so he's giving you
an analogy now this is a type of
reasoning he's showing you an analogy
that enables you to understand this so
he says what I was rude ilaha illah
feeha you can't have the spirit except
in a body there's you can't have the
spirit except in the body
Camela hiya tada ha Allah be ha and in
the same way you cannot have a body that
has life without the spirit so he's
saying the 5th is the body the citta
Torah is the spirit even a paella in the
heck um he says that Ahmad who the the
the deeds are our bodies and he said
that the spirit that are WA are the a
class is the sincerity in the body so
your deeds are like bodies their forms
but those forms are animated by your
sincerity and then he says and this is
why Imam Malik said and this is a famous
statement attributed to my Mac that's
mentioned in many books whoever does
tessa wolf and this was a word we know
that was used during his time already
it's very early it's used very early and
imam attic was aware of the Sufis and
obviously as somebody was sick but to
what yo he himself has a big portion of
this science even though he didn't teach
it formally in the way that it was
formalized later by imam and Junaid and
so he says whoever becomes a Sufi
muntaha Wafaa what a muta and he
doesn't learn fit alongside it fazenda
he will go astray he'll become like a
heretic scindia is a heretic woman tough
economy tasawwuf Akata fess up and if he
learns fit without sincerity without the
pathology oh then he becomes a fasiq so
he he'll be in a state of disobedience
one man Gemini Boehner who market a hot
cup and the one that brings the two
together
he's the one who's realizes what Imam
Shafi he said soufiane with a peon
vocalist owari de when you were happy
lair council the souviens the fappy
don't be one of them without the other
and he said by Al I'm giving you sound
advice this is in his Diwan Imam Shafi
he said because the PHA without the
tassel wolf he's he doesn't have the
spirit and the Sufi without the fifth he
doesn't have the protection of the so
you need world this is what he's saying
and then he explains Imam city
anisotropic explains - sunda kelapa the
reason the first becomes a heretic is
because he'll end up saying Belgium at
Mujib he he will because he'll have
spiritual states but he's not protected
by the Sharia he's not protected by a
mental understanding and so he'll end up
saying things that are heretical one of
them is that he won't see us Bab and so
he'll actually go into pure determinism
without recognizing free will and then
you go into what's called the anti
Gnomeo state where the anti no meals
were people that did not see the sharia
as binding on them that they were about
they were free from the Sharia because
they had achieved the haqiqa and Imam
Junaid was asked about them and he said
would he say about a man who said that
was all too hetero fear at a near Sharia
I I have arrived and so I'm no longer
bound by the law he said nah I'm God was
all while so the you know Jaheim he's
arrived but he's arrived to hell so
because he'll negate the hikmah and the
accom he'll end up negating the hickman
cam and this is why even machine in his
famous prayer he says that he seeks
refuge Oh had it to heed from the
dangers of tow he'd because you you can
have an experience of tawheed of a pure
unity where you lose sight of sharia and
some of the ecstatic Sufis have shop a
hat that are famous about this Suhani
glory to me
but II see what law you know things like
that they made these utterances that
that came from that the danger of of
having this profound experience of unity
without having the protection of the
constructs that give it a proper
understanding and then he says the fussa
Thani the second one the without
so of he goes astray because li Hulu we
are a MIDI minute told you he'll had Jim
in Houma because he goes he doesn't have
in his actions the Tahajjud this sahaja
that will protect him from these going
astray like he won't he won't have that
sincerity that will protect him from the
dangers that ofup e without sauce olive
has or the sufi without v has those are
the two dangers and and if he doesn't
have the citta then then he falls into
one of those two dangers and he says so
he falls into marcia with allah on the
one hand and then that anything that he
does is does it's done with the
condition of cloth then we start up
phenomen he's supposed to have a class
that's a condition of any action is
sincerity that you do it with a pure
intention in lapa given well a Ichabod o
in lapa Heba Allah is pure and he only
accepts purity so if you don't have
purity in your intentions then you don't
what the hakka
Assad Italy chiami he but happy uppity
minute Emma's who keep it Huck so the
third one has realization - hahaha he
has realization because he is fulfilling
the reality vallabha the ina tamazuki
barack in in the essence of his firmness
of his state of firmness in the truth
he's fulfilling that reality which has
an exoteric and esoteric component so
he's he's solid he's
firm in his p.m. bill Huck he has the
both sides of it so he says so
understand that we got yesterday to the
subject matter now the subject is an
mulled water and and mold or in Arabic
it comes from Wawa
well dr. Shaitan water and deposit
something to place it and so the mold or
is what has been posited here so the
subject matter of logic covers the three
operations of the mind and the three
operations of the mind are understanding
judgment and reasoning understanding is
your grasping of concepts now one of the
things about modern logic which is
called propositional logic as opposed to
term logic traditional logic is called
term logic because it's it's built on
terms so you have building blocks if you
look for instance you could one of the
things what's interesting about Plato's
Academy we don't really know what was
taught in Plato's Academy but we know
geometry was taught in it because you
had to master the books of of geometry
just to get into the Academy and we know
that you could studied at the Academy so
Euclid is the one that wrote all that
stuff down that he was being taught but
the geometry which was translated early
into the Arabic tradition and Imam Shafi
studied geometry in fact said meant
andaman hand essa Jesuit all right you
who whoever learns geometry will have a
very sound opinion in things one of the
interesting things in American history
is Lincoln Abraham Lincoln he taught
himself geometry at the age of 40 he was
a lawyer and he actually writes in his
in in his diaries that the reason that
he study
geometry was because he kept hearing
this word demonstration that the lawyer
has to demonstrate and he said he looked
up the word in several dictionaries and
they just none of them could really give
him a definition of it he said it was
like telling a blind man that blue is a
color right so he ended up taking time
off from his law just to study the
thirteen books of Euclid and he mastered
the books and he could prove all the
demonstration he could demonstrate all
of the theorems and so that's one of the
reasons why he was such a powerful
debater when he debated is that he knew
how to demonstrate something beyond a
reasonable doubt
so the Euclid he bases his book on
definitions he's got these definitions
right then book one there's twenty-three
definitions and then he's got postulates
and he's got common notions these things
are assumptions in other words you can't
prove them you either get them or you
don't so a common notion is the whole is
greater than the part if you if you if
you don't get that you're never gonna
understand geometry and and I don't
think much else because even children
can understand that so the the
definitions he defines things like he
set a point one of the definitions in
the first one as a point has no parts
what does that mean a point has no parts
it doesn't have depth breadth or width
right or a line is a is a segment of a
breathless segment what does that mean
there are mysterious definitions but
those are the assumptions of geometry if
you don't
assume those things then you can't prove
the theorems later on right because the
theorems can be proved but they can only
be proved with those things that are
assumed the common notions the
postulates and the definitions those are
assumed logic is similar in that way
because geometry is to mathematics what
logic is to language it's very very
similar and so the subject of you know
of logic is understanding and the
understanding is is concept you have to
understand you have to grasp concepts
and it's the argument that people that
are committed to to what is
epistemological realism is that the
world is something that makes sense to
us the world is is something that we can
actually understand and that our
experience of the world is true now we
can be fooled obviously there are things
that fool us we can have an immediate
understanding of something I mean a good
example of that is the when we see the
Sun rise in the east and we see it go
down in the West and we talk about the
Sun moving across the sky that is that
is fitrah and it's intuitive and that's
really the basis of Sharia Shetty and
this works from a geocentric model if
you read the Quran it's very clearly
geocentric and that's the fifth or
understanding in reality it's very
possible and there are very very
powerful arguments that have been
postulated and then proven convincingly
that it only appears to be that it's
moving that in fact we're actually
moving around ourselves the earth is
spinning on around itself and then at
the same time it's moving in an orbit
around the Sun and so we're not really
seeing a sunrise we're seeing an earth
turn but nobody says what a beautiful
earth turn right because it's
counterintuitive even a scientist will
not say that because he he really has to
go against his fifth aura experience of
what's in front of them right like
Mullen s or a Dean since we're in Turkey
you know mullah now Sarah Dean this man
who he didn't like came to borrow his
donkey and he didn't want to lend him
his donkey so he said it's really too
bad my brother came yesterday and he he
borrowed he borrowed the donkey and so
the man said I'm sorry to hear that but
thanks anyway he starts to leave and
suddenly hears the donkey in the back of
the house start braying really loud and
he looks he said I thought you I thought
you said your brother borrowed the
donkey some will enough so the Dean said
who are you gonna believe me or the
donkey so who are you gonna believe you
know the scientists or your own senses
what you're experiencing right so the
beetles said it best the fool on the
hill sees the Sun going down and the
eyes in his head see the earth spinning
around and then the second is reason is
is judgment which is once you've have
concepts you can put those concepts
together by either affirming or negating
and this is called a subject and a
predicate in Arabic it's called mould
war and Mamun
so you la la la la is really a negation
and an assertion because what you're
saying is there is no God worthy of
worship there is only one true God so
small case G there is no God worthy of
worship other than the one true God so
you're making a negation it's neffie and
if bat and those are the two things
that the mind can do and it's sent there
in the Shahadah it's neffie and it's bad
that's a judgment you negate and you
assert and Eman is assertion it's toss
deep and that's why they call this in
Arabic to sodium they call it asserting
judgment making a judgment about
something and then finally reasoning
through argumentation or demonstration
so boron is a very high form there are
other ways to argue you can argue
poetically poets argue also you can
argue sophistical II you can argue
rhetorically you can appeal to people's
common sense but demonstration is the
most powerful form of argument so those
are the three operations of the mind and
that's really the subject of logic if
you get that you understand what what
logic is about it's about concepts which
involve definitions because you have to
understand something before you can
define it and then it's about making
judgments propositions which are either
assertions about something or negating
something about something and then the
benefit which is called the thumb rod is
very important because the the thumb is
the fruit it's what come what's what
what do you get from the knowledge like
a tree the purpose of a tree a fruit
bearing tree is the fruit that that's
really what everything that whole tree
is there to bring forth the fruit that's
the benefit to us is the fruit and so
what is the fruit of logic Nordy mahmoud
abbas adi and this is from the mustafa
he says logic is quote an introduction
to all knowledge and the one who has not
mastered it cannot be relied upon for
his knowledge at all its greatest
benefit so I mean that's a pretty pretty
powerful statement Imam al-ghazali is
busy arguing look if you don't
understand this science and he calls it
a propaedeutic science in other words a
science that must be studied before you
study other sciences
an introduction to all knowledge it's a
moped lima litter alone it's an
introduction to all knowledge and the
one who has not mastered it cannot be a
relied upon for his knowledge at all now